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    戴明語錄

                                                         林公孚

溝通(Communication)                                         

  打破部門間的障礙。研究設計銷售及生產部門的人員應協力合作猶如一個團隊,以預見產品與服務在生產與使用時可能遭遇的問題。

  (Break down barriers between Departments. People in research, Design, sales and production must work as a team, to foresee problems of production and in use that may be encountered with the product or service.)       

釋義:鼓勵研究設計銷售及生產部門的人員跨部門合作,不斷提供能滿足顧客要求的 產品,服務顧客。

        

競爭(Competition)(1)

  經濟學家將我們導向歧途,他們告訴我們激烈的競爭是解決之道。使我們憂心於增加市場佔有率,試圖剷除同業,卻忽略了要創造更好的產品。

  (Economists are leading us down the wrong path. They tell us that fierce competition is the solution. We worry about increasing market share and we try to kill off colleagues in the same industry, instead of making better products.)

釋義:以合作代替競爭,共同創造優質產品服務顧客,才是最佳致勝之道。

競爭(Competition)(2

  競爭導致損失,人們凡事採拔河態度處理,徒耗體力而已,他們將一事無成。

  Competition leads to lose, people pulling in opposite direction on a rope ,they go nowhere.

釋義:競爭的結果是分勝負,合作的結果是創雙贏,故凡事應從合作方向思考,在此一思維下,目前商場上買賣雙方的關係已有顯著的改變,依據資料顯示:「現在的買主與供應商之間已有新的合作趨勢,未來三、四年以後才需要的重要零件,92%已由供應商、設計師、工程師、採購、製造、銷售部門所組成的小組進行開發」可資證明。

 

 

顧客(Customers)(1)

  顧客是生產線上最重要的一部份;沒有他們,就沒有生產線。品質的改進涵蓋整個生產線:從進料到交貨給顧客,以及為未來產品與服務的再設計。

  (The customer is the most important part of the production line. Without him, there is no production line. Improvement of quality envelops the entire production line, from incoming materials to the customer, and redesign of the product and service for the future.)

釋義:生產/服務的一切作為,均應以顧客導向,戴明用以表示從進料到顧客之間的著名的整體生產系統流程圖,就作了最佳的說明。

 

顧客(Customers)(2)

  除非是以產品品質的角度來衡量,價格才具意義。但這樣還不夠,除非能夠與顧客的需求掛鉤,優良與均一的品質才具意義。

  (Price has no meaning except in terms of the quality of the product. But that is not enough. Good and uniform quality have no meaning except with reference to the customer’s needs. )

釋義:凡事均應以顧客為重,應從顧客觀點,製造產品與定價。他指出:界定品質難在將使用者的未來需要轉換為可量測的特性,依此從事產品設計,再產生顧客願意付的價格

 

教育(Education)(1)

    我發現一般人對教育的恐懼;人們害怕選課,因為可能選得不對,我的忠告是先選它,其後再找出何者是適切的。你不會知道什麼可能用得上,或可能會需要什麼。一心想著必須務實的人不會做得長久,誰曉得什麼叫做務實?協助人們從事改進,我是指每個人

I find a general fear of education. People are afraid to take a course. It might not be the right one. My advice is take it. Find the right one later. . . .You never know what could be used, what could be needed. He that thinks he has to be practical is not going to be here very long. Who knows what is practical? Help people to improve. I mean everybody.

釋義:接受教育,充實智能,從事改進,才是務實之道,戴明指出:要取得競爭地位的優勢,就必須紮根於知識 •••每個人都有責任重建西方工業,我們也都需要新的教育,管理者更必須重新學起

教育Education)(2

  為每人建立有活力的教育與自我改進方案。

  (Institute a vigorous programme of education and self-improvement for everyone.)

釋義:領導者要能引導所屬人員學習,並為他們建立不斷學習的環境與與提供所需資源。

 

訓練Training

   建立在職訓練制度。

   (Institute training on the job.)

釋義:用新觀念、新方法執行員工在職訓練工作,訓練工作要先從管理階層做

起,訓練的內容要看重在瞭解從進料到交貨給客戶的每一「過程」及其「變異」,教導員工工作所需的工具與技術,使他們能運用新技術、新工具來解決工作上的問題。

 

評估(Evaluation)

    我們大多認為,若是我們不評估你,你就不會受到激勵而把工作做得更好;所以我們查問你衡量你,將你與他人比較並試圖為你排列名次。取而代之的是,我們需要提昇自尊,樂在工作並以我們所做的為傲,因此我們應鼓勵人們創新,對工作有所貢獻。如果我們摧折你,你便是被羞辱了,而為你排列名次就是在摧折你。

  (Most of us assume that if we don’t evaluate you, you won’t be motivated to work better. So we interview and measure you, compare you to others, and try to place you in a ranking. Instead we need to promote self-esteem, joy in work and pride in what we do, so that we encourage people innovate and contribute to the job. If we destroy you, you are humiliated. Ranking you destroys you. )

釋義:系統與人員間的互動有效性,影響工作績效的程度可達90%-95%,人在系統中工作,不能改變系統,但卻要以此考核他的績效,並據以排列名次,不是很不公平嗎?尊重個人」是戴明理念中最重要的一項,故有不宜予以衡量

評等之看法。

 

恐懼(Fear)(1)

  恐懼造成極大的折損。它無處不在,奪去人們的驕傲,傷害他們,剝奪他們對公司奉獻的機會,很難相信當你不放鬆恐懼時會發生什麼事

  (Fear takes a horrible toll. Fear is all around, robbing people of their pride, hurting them, robbing them of a chance to contribute to the company. It is unbelievable what happens when you unloose fear.)

釋義:員工只有處在有安全感的工作環境,才會有好的工作表現。恐懼會使人因怕犯錯而怯於任事,或怕受責而掩過飾非,因而限制了他們發揮潛能的機會,除非員工對他的工作有安全感,否則必難賣命工作。

 

恐懼(Fear)(2)

  凡有恐懼之處,就會有錯誤數字。

  (Where there is fear, there will be wrong figures)

釋義:為害怕受到責難,人們常會用假數字來掩飾真相逃避責任

 

改進 (Improvement) (1)

  執行一項試驗的唯一理由是改進過程,改進品質與下次的運作數量或是次年的收穫。在科學與工業方面的重要問題是「如何」以及「在何種條件下」,觀測值會對是否改變過程以達成改進所做的理性決策有所貢獻。因此,觀測記錄必須包含任何人可能需要用來做預測的所有資訊。

   (The only reason to carry out a test is to improve a process, to improve the quality and quantity of the next run or of next years crop. Important questions in science and industry are how and under what conditions observations may contribute to a rational decision to change or not to change a process to accomplish improvement. A record of observations must accordingly contain all the information that anyone might need in order to make his own prediction.)

釋義:改進過程是重點,好的過程才會產生好品質好產量的結果,做好它要靠完備的觀測記錄,使負責改進者知「如何」改,以及「在何種條件下」改。

 

改進 (Improvement) (2)

  一個健康的,運作良好的公司是處於最佳地位改進它的管理、產品與服務,如此可以對他自己的經濟福祉以及我們其他人有所貢獻,況且它也是最有義務要改進者。事實上,一個獨佔事業最有可能年年從事不斷改進,而且它也肩擔追求改進的最大義務;一個艱困的公司只能想著如何存活。

  (A company that is healthy, doing well, is in excellent position to improve management, product, and service, thus to contribute to the economic welfare of itself and to the rest of us, and moreover has the greatest obligation to improve. A monopoly is in fact in the best possible position to improve year by year, and has the greatest obligation to do so. A company that is on the rocks can only think of survival.)

釋義:改進時機最好在企業處於最佳情況時為之,不能等到組織經營狀況惡化時才做,那是像救火,智者不取,要在組織體質佳時做,這是防火,智者當為。

 

改進 (Improvement) (3)

  「滅火」並非改進找出失控點,找出特殊肇因並將之去除,只是將過程帶回它原先所在的位置,並不是過程的改進。

 (Putting out fires is not improvement. Finding a point out of control, finding the special cause and removing, is only putting the process back to where it was in the first place. It is not improvement of the process.)

釋義:消除失控點只是治標,改進要以設計與過程為重,對品質或系統作持續改進,才是治本之道。

 

改進 (Improvement) (4)

  因為我們所做的是錯的,即使我們盡最大的努力,辛勤工作,我們也正在失去優勢。

  (Were losing ground because what we are doing is wrong, even though we work very hard and give our best effort.)

釋義:錯誤原因是捨本逐末,不知設計品質、過程品質與系統品質才是從事改進的正路。

 

樂在工作(Joy in work)

  我喜愛我的工作,它對我而言是有趣的,但願美國的管理者能不斷的學習與成長,我願繼續學習並與他們分享。――戴明在被問及為何每週要花五到七天旅行、教學、顧問以及提供四天的研討會給數以百計熱情的學生們時,所做的回答。

  (I love my work. Its fun for me. I wish American management to keep learning and growing and I wish to keep learning and sharing with them.--When asked why he spends five to seven days per week traveling, teaching, consulting and giving 4-day seminars to hundreds of enthusiastic students, this was Dr. Demings reply.)

釋義:戴明天性屬於能樂在工作且以工藝為榮的人其弟子謝爾肯巴赫(W.W.Scherkenbach)曾說:「 我以為,如果要用一句話來總結戴明的理念,那該是:透過工藝之樂,達到自主之喜悅」。何況他更以挽救美國經濟為己任,老而彌,故出此語。

 

知識(knowledge)(1)

  系統的深厚知識來自外部,甚少由內部產生,你可曾在任何組織內部發現具有深厚知識的人?我從未發現。

  (Profound knowledge of a system comes from outside, rarely from the inside. Have you ever found someone who has profound knowledge inside an organization? I never have.)

釋義:系統的深厚知識是指改進一個系統所需的知識,外部專家,見多識廣,常勝於內部專家。

知識(knowledge)(2)

  知識是無可取代的。

  (There is no substitute for knowledge)

釋義:知識為管理力量的重要來源之一,沒有深厚知識為基礎的管理行動,常出現外行領導內行現象,焉有不敗之理。

領導(leadership)(1)

  排除恐懼,如此每個人將可有效地為公司工作。

  (Drive out fear, so everyone may work effectively for the company.)

釋義:恐懼感會使人因害怕失敗而不敢嘗試創新。

 

領導(leadership)(2)

  消除工廠裡的工作標準(配額) ,以領導代之。

  (Eliminate work standards (quotas) on the factory floor. Substitute leadership.)

釋義:工作標準是否能夠達成之關鍵要素為:人員、物料、機器、方法及環境等要素之組合,它的成效之關鍵在領導者,以領導代之,是務本的做法。

 

領導(leadership)(3)

  拋棄目標管理,取消數字管理,數字標的,廢除評等制度與排定人員等級,以領導代之。

  (Eliminate management by objectiveEliminate management by numbersnumerical goalsAbolish the merit system and the ranking of peopleSubstitute leadership)

釋義:戴明指出:「把人、團隊、銷售員、事業部等都予以排序,獎賞得分高而處罰得分低者。把排序制度演化成所謂人員年度考核制。結果造成衝突、士氣低落、生產力下跌,品質差,壓抑了創新」。我們應知,計畫目標之擬訂與達成,常受外在環境與內在關鍵要素之影響,故先天上,數字目標有其不可靠性,何況還可能造假。人事考評之不宜,在先天上未認清大多數問題與改進,在於系統與過程本身,不在個人或小組。而人事考評依靠外在激勵而非內在激勵,故功效原不大,況且須由公正、明智而理性的考核者執行才能發揮其應有功效,這種條件實不易得。遂有先天不足,後天失調現象。故目標、數字與考評,均會無法達成所預期的目的,唯靠系統內全員合作,致力於創新與成長,才會有

好結果。

 

領導(leadership)(4)

  判斷一個系統各部分時應視其對系統的貢獻,而非它的個別表現。每一部分對整個系統的健康與福祉均負有責任。

  (Judge each part of a system by its contribution to the system, not for its individual performance. Each part is responsible for the health and well-being of the whole system.)

釋義:考核各部門績效應以其對組織整體之貢獻度為依據,如此可避免本位主義與部門間競爭,而破壞整體力量的發揮。

 

領導Leadership(5)

  建立領導風範。

  (Institute leadership)

釋義:管理的工作是領導而不是監督,管理者要以領導風範協助他人把工作做得更好為目標,並將改進產品與服務品質的意圖,置於工程設計與產品生產活動中。具領導風範的管理者,會在願景與使命感的驅使下,創造一個讓員工樂於工作與學習的環境,能不斷追求知識並鼓勵員工學習與應用新知,不斷改進工作效能,以提升顧客滿意度。

 

領導Leadership(6)

領導者的任務是創造一個可以讓他的員工樂在工作,發揮他們的才能和潛力的環境。

The role of a leader is to create the environment that allows people to take joy in their work, use their abilities and fulfill their potential.
釋義:領導者要創造一個可以讓員工樂在工作,且能發揮他們潛能的環境,需要尊重員工,給予適當的教育與訓練,鼓勵他們自行發掘問題、解決問題,從而感受工藝為榮之樂。

 

學習(learning)(1)

  學習並非強制性的,存活亦非強制性。

  (Learning is not compulsory. Survival is not compulsory.)

釋義:自動自發地從工作中學習,產生創新成果,利己利人,何樂而不為。

 

學習(learning)(2)

  我們要以快樂心情學習並在一起工作-要做得與眾不同。

  Were here to have fun, to learn, to work togetherand to make a difference

釋義:此為戴明在其所主持的研討會上常說的話

 

管理(Management)-(1)

  我的管理理論是:當系統運作達最佳化時,每個人均有所獲。

  (My theory of management says that every person gains when the system is optimized.)

釋義:管理者應是系統的建立者、維持者、與改進者,應承擔系統是否能令利害相關者滿意之責任。

 

管理(Management)-(2)

  管理必須經常改進系統,做對整體系統最好的事,別照著一成不變的方式做事;記住,除非你跳出這個系統,否則你不會有什麼影響力的;你必須置身系統之外。

  (Management must always improve the system. Do what is best for the whole system; dont do things the way they have always been done. Remember: you cant have impact unless you break away from the system, you must be outside of the system.)

釋義:事物好壞,絕大多數是由系統所決定,想求好者,做事不能老是一成不變。故管理者要能跳脫舊框框,從第三者角度看目前系統的運作問題,以謀求改進。

 

管理(Management)-(3)

  在擴張中的市場,管理企業不是難事,而且可以輕易假設,經濟情況只會越來越好。期望與事實相違,回首前塵,可以發現我們正處於三十年的經濟衰退中。推算地震日期易,知道衰退難。

  (It is easy to manage a business in an expanding market, and easy to suppose that economic conditions can only grow better and better. In contrast with expectations, we find, on looking back, that we have been on an economic decline for three decades. It is easy to date an earthquake, but not a decline.)

釋義:一般人常作過於樂觀的假設,但常事與願違。故經營者要常懷戒慎恐懼、步步為營精神,經營企業。

 

管理(Management)-(4)

  管理者須是一位領導者,他須瞭解他與他的屬員的工作如何與系統契合,系統的最隹化是領導者的第一要務。體認人各有別,宜適才適所,樂其所為。

  (The manager should be a leader. He should understand how his work and work of his people fits into the system. Optimization of a system is the first job of a leader. Recognize that all people are different, try fit each one in what he does best, what he takes joy in doing.)

釋義:管理者要發揮領導才能,有識人本領,用人必適才適所,使人人樂在工作,而有最佳表現。

 

管理(Management)-(5)

  大多數人認為管理就是一連串的命令;我的理論是:系統像是一個交響樂隊,不是軍隊。樂隊中的每個人都要支持其他的演奏者;每一位演奏者要注意的不只是指揮,還包括其他成員和整個系統,系統需要的是指揮,不是將軍;它需要一個能夠調和系統各份子之天賦與能力的人。交響樂隊裡的每一位演奏者瞭解自己是系統的一份子,即使他演出的是獨奏;他不是在那兒吸引大家注意他的人,當他支援其他演奏者的時候,才算成功。

  (Most people think of management as a chain of command. My theory says that the system is like an orchestra, not an army. Every one in an orchestra supports the other players. Each player watches not only the conductor, but also each other and the whole system. The system needs a conductor, not a general. It needs someone who harmonizes the talents and abilities of each part of the system. Each player in the orchestra knows he is part of a systemeven when he plays soloHe is not there to attract attention to himselfHe succeeds when he supports the other players)

釋義:管理者要如交響樂隊指揮,工作團隊成員要如交響樂隊員般地合作無間,相互支援以奏出美調。

 

管理(Management)-(6)

   如果沒有管理上的文化革命,品管圈不會在美國產生所欲的效果,也沒有任何人能擔保基層員工的工作保障,足以產生高生產力與優質產品。然而,如果管理當局缺少對員工福利的承諾,則無法激起員工對公司生產力及產品品質上的興趣的有擔保的工作保障,管理工作變得使得更加艱難,更具挑戰性。

  (Without a cultural revolution in management, quality control circles will not produce the desired effects in America . Nor can anyone guarantee that job security for the rank and file would be enough to produce high productivity and product quality. However,without a

Management commitment to the personal welfare of its workers, it will be impossible to 

Inspire employees interest in company productivity and product quality. With guaranteed job security, managements job becomes far more difficult and challenging.)

釋義:管理者應知:員工惟有在有工作安全感與福利措施的良好環境下,才會有最佳的表現,如何發揮領導才能,做好管理工作,應為當務之急。

管理(Management(7)

   不斷地改進產品與服務品質。

   (Constantly improve the quality and services.)

釋義:組織應專注於不斷改進產品與服務品質以提升競爭力,如此才能為員工提供永久的工作機會,而達到企業永續經營的目的,在作法上不可圖近利而不作長期投資,要將創新支出列為對品質與生產力不可搖撼的承諾

管理Management(8)

   採取新的經營理念。

   (Adopt the new philosophy.)

釋義:要採取TQM的理念與方法,包括以顧客為重、採團隊合作、人員參與

及賦能授權、供需雙方互利、並持續改進過程以提升品質與生產力….等方式為之。

管理Management(9)

  僅以可見數字經營公司者會很快就失去公司,也沒有可見的數字可運用了。

  (He who runs his company on visible figures alone will soon have neither company nor visible figure to work with.)

釋義:企業能否成功,常受政治與經濟環境以及難以捉摸的顧客需要變動,影響,故數字有其侷限性,七十年代的全錄公司因產品品質不良而危機四伏,但其產品的租賃政策仍然為公司贏得了可觀的帳面利潤,若僅從帳面盈餘判斷公司的體質,那是相當危險的事。故經營者要具備敏銳的環境感應能力並了解顧客滿意度趨勢,如此才能避免落入險境。

 

障礙(Obstacles)

   阻礙(員工) 以工藝為榮之實現,在美國,事實上可能就是降低成本與改進品質最重要障礙之一。

  (Barriers against realization of pride of workmanship may in fact be one of the most

Important obstacles to reduction of cost and improvement of quality in the United States .)

釋義:員工無法自由發揮其潛能,抑制了創造力的發揮,無形中喪失了降低成本與改進品質的機會。

 

最佳化optimization(1)

    勞工與管理階層須把重點放在系統最佳化上,對於買方與賣方或供應商與經銷商之間的任何討論,其法則相同。如果在協商中你的首要目標是保護你自己,那麼你已經輸了---其他的人也要保護自己。當你與他人協力改進系統時,你收獲最多。

  (Labor and management should focus on optimizing the system. For any discussion between buyer and seller or suppliers and retailers, the rule is the same. If your principal

goal in a negotiation is to protect yourself, youve already lostand so has everyone else.

You gain most when you work with others to improve the system.)

釋義:要把買方、賣方、供應商、或經銷商納入管理系統之內,與他們建立供應鏈關係,共謀系統最佳化,使人人受益。

 

最佳化optimization(2)

  任何團體都要時時將其所處的大系統的最佳化當作它的目標。任何未能使整個系統最佳化的事,終會導致系統中每一份子的損失。

  Any group should have as its aim optimization over time of the larger system that the group operates in. Anything less than optimization of the whole system will bring eventual loss to every component in the system.

釋義:系統內的每一份子,早己自然形成利益共同體,系統最佳時,就會產生利益最大的結果。

 

耐心(Patience)

  沒有耐心的人多麼可悲啊!

----依阿高(壞蛋)對洛德利哥(傻瓜)之告誡,見莎士比亞的奧賽羅,Ⅱ,îîî

  ( How poor are they that have not patience.

lago to RoderigoShakespeares Othello,Ⅱ,îîî)

釋義:成功需靠耐心。

 

懇請捐血A Plea for Blood

  在血液銀行裡有兩種血――好血和壞血。Dr. Burchell(我的醫師),用了三份好血在我身上,他說,壞血是最後別無選擇時才用。像是你、我的朋友這種人能夠提供好血,這是單從血的來源來看。如果是來自經常捐血以換取酬勞的捐血者,則血液幾乎是像捐血者本人一樣地相當依靠接受清洗;如果我對Dr. Burchell瞭解無誤。

  換句話說,好血來自朋友和他們的朋友,用錢買不到――它是非賣品,此處我們或許曲解了一些醫學用語,但Dr. Burchell的觀點十分明確,他和其他外科醫師都需要好血,任何血型都會拿來做替換。

  簡言之,我欠了三品脫的好血,報償的方法只有一種,而金錢是辦不到的。過去我並沒有珍惜這些關鍵性的要求;或許這項懇求,能使我的朋友們去捐血。

  (There are two kinds of blood in the blood bank, good and bad. [My physician] Dr.

Burchell used three units of good blood on me. Bad blood, he said, is a last resort.

  People like my friends and your friends can give good blood, and that is about the only source thereof. Blood from a regular donor that takes pay for it is almost dependably

pretty well washed up. like the donor himself, if I understand Dr. Burchell correctly.

  In other words, good blood comes from friends and from their friends. Money can not buy it: it is not for sale.

  I may have garbled some of the medical language here, but Dr. Burchells point was very clear. He and other surgeons need good blood. Any type will do as replacement.

  In short, I owe three pints of good blood, and there is only one way to repay them.

Money wont do it. I had not appreciated these critical requirements. Maybe this plea will bring friends to offer blood.)

釋義:好的來源,品質自然好。能用錢買到的未必是好貨,出自真誠的奉獻常有好品質。

     好人要主動多做好事。

  

生產力(Productivity)

  持續不斷的改進生產與服務的系統以改進品質和生產力,如此可持續降低成本。

 ( Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to Improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.)

釋義:降低成本與提昇生產力是相輔相成可併行不悖。

 

利潤(Profits)(1)

  不要依賴短期的利潤來衡量系統是否健全,利潤通常無法顯示出管理之未來表現。藉少做研究與延緩維修,可輕易地顯示出較高的利潤,但受難的是系統。

  (Dont depend on short-term profits as a measure of a systems health. They often dont point to future performance of management. Its easy to report a higher profit by reducing research and postponing maintenance. But the system suffers.)

釋義:只注重短期好看的公司報表利潤數字,常會以犧牲公司長遠利益為代價。

 

利潤(Profits)(2)

  帳面利潤不會使餅變大,他們給你一片比較大塊的,你是多拿了別人的份,對社會並沒有什麼幫助。

  (Paper profits do not make the pie bigger. They give you a bigger piece. You take it from somebody else. It doesnt help the society.)

釋義:近期的帳面利潤可能只是其他支付延遲的結果,故對社會無實質助益。

 

利潤(Profits)(3)

  紅利和帳面利潤--通常是判斷財務經理和公司首腦的準繩--並不會改進一公司或是美國工業的競爭地位。帳面利潤不足以謀生;品質與生產力之改進則可;他們的貢獻是可以改進世界各地人類的物質生活。

  (Dividends and paper profits, the yardstick by which managers of money and heads of companies are judged, do not improve the competitive position of a company or of American Industry. Paper profits do not make bread: improvement of quality and productivity do. They make a contribution to better material living for all people. Here and everywhere.)

釋義:較佳之物質生活水準,來自經營者不斷提昇其產品的品質與生產力,因深受顧客信賴而產生彼此雙贏的局面。

 

保護主義(Protectionism)(1)

  依賴關稅和法律的保護讓人們〝買美國貨〞只會鼓勵無能。

  (Dependence on protection by tariffs and laws to buy American only encourages

incompetence.)

釋義:在政府保護傘下生存的企業,必缺乏競爭力,猶如寵物無法自行謀生。

 

保護主義(Protectionism)(2)

  如果我國一些製造商能夠憑著其努力與人競爭,少花點時間遊說提高關稅或降低貿易配額,他們或許可以較不必擔心日本的競爭,而且可以帶給我們其他人一些更好的品質及較低的價格。許多人說,他們相信企業自由競爭,但他們所指的通常是其他人的競爭,而不是與自己的競爭。   

  ( If some manufacturers in my own country would meet competition with effort, and spend less time on lobbies to boost tariffs and to lower trade quotas. they might have less to worry about Japanese competition and could give some of the rest of us the benefit of better quality and lower prices. Many people say that they believe in free enterprise in competition, but what they often mean is competition for the other fellow, not for themselves.)

釋義:不靠政府保護的公平競爭能驅使企業加強經營能力從事與他人競爭,進而與自己競爭。

 

保護主義(Protectionism)(3)

  現在以我自己為例,我相信自由貿易,我不怕日本統計學家、英國統計學家、法國統計學家或任何其他統計學家,如果他們之中有誰做得較好,那我們該做的是到他那兒去,或把他帶回我國,找出他是如何做的。我不知道有任何統計學家游說團,企圖把外國統計學家排除在外,我們能將他們引進越多,我們會做得越好。

  (Now in my own case, I believe in free enterprise, and I am not afraid of Japanese statisticians, English statisticians, French statisticians, or any others. If one of them is doing a better job, then the thing to do is to go over there, or bring him to my own country, and find out how he does it. I dont know of any statisticians lobby to try to keep out foreign statisticians. The more of them we import, the better off we are. )

釋義:向競爭者學習或引進有能力的競爭者與他們合作遠比將他們排除在外來的好。

   

品質(Quality)(1)

  為什麼生產力會隨著品質改進而提昇?較少的重做,沒有那麼多浪費;對生產工人言,品質意指他的工作表現令自己滿意,令他能以工藝為榮。

  (Why is it that productivity increases as quality improves? Less rework. Not so much waste. Quality to the production worker means that his performance satisfies him, provides to him pride of workmanship.)

釋義:要鼓勵製造產品的工作人員建立為自己工藝為榮的觀念,第一次就把工作做好,沒有時間與工料的浪費,生產力自然提高。

 

 

品質(Quality)(2)

  品質由高階管理者開始﹍。

  產品與服務的品質不會高出高階管理層的意圖。一家公司能夠成功的唯一途徑在於高階管理層對採取措施所做的承諾。

  (Quality begins at the top. Quality of product and of service can be no better than the intent of top management. The only way a company can achieve success would be for the top management to be committed to the course of action.)

釋義:高階管理者是目標與策略的制訂者,他對所採取措施承諾之輕重,決定了產品與服務品質的優劣

 

品質(Quality)(3)

  停止依賴檢驗來改進品質;一開始就把品質建置進產品裡,就可無須依賴大量檢驗。

  (Cease dependence on inspection to improve quality. Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product in the first place.)

釋義:讓設計者做出堅耐性設計由生產

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